在. Net 5如何使用Windows服务（net5零基础入门教程）
.Net 5/6提供新的创建Windows服务
创建项目选择:
在.Net 5及之后的版本使用新的创建Windows服务
在创建项目后,在nuget安装: Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.WindowsServices
在Nuget种安装Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.WindowsServices
这里主要是通过服务定时修改cpu的型号信息,是因为我的台式机当时买的是es(当时主要图便宜),在任务管理器中cpu型号是0000的.对于有强迫症的,可以对es的cpu忽略了.
没修改cpu型号信息
服务启动代码:
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;using IHost host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) //使用在Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.WindowsServices提供的中间件 UseWindowsService .UseWindowsService(options => { //指定服务名称 options.ServiceName = "UpdateCPUService"; }) .ConfigureServices(services => { //将UpdateCPUService注入到容器中 services.AddHostedService<UpdateCPUService.UpdateCPUService>(); }) .Build();await host.RunAsync();具体服务代码:
using System.Runtime.Versioning;using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;using Microsoft.Win32;namespace UpdateCPUService{ public class UpdateCPUService : BackgroundService { private readonly ILogger<UpdateCPUService> _logger; public UpdateCPUService(ILogger<UpdateCPUService> logger) { this._logger = logger; } //只支持Windows [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")] protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken) { //while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested) //{ // _logger.LogInformation("Worker running at: {time}", DateTimeOffset.Now); // await Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken); //} while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested) { _logger.LogInformation("Worker running at: {time}", DateTimeOffset.Now); try { //注册表路径：计算机HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEHARDWAREDESCRIPTIONSystemCentralProcessor RegistryKey root = Registry.LocalMachine; RegistryKey? hardware = root.OpenSubKey("HARDWARE", true); if (hardware != null) { var description = hardware!.OpenSubKey("DESCRIPTION", true); var system = description!.OpenSubKey("System", true); //获取CentralProcessor节点 var centralProcessor = system!.OpenSubKey("CentralProcessor", true); //子节点对应cpu核心数（包含超线程） for (int i = 0; i < centralProcessor!.SubKeyCount; i++) { RegistryKey? cpuNode = centralProcessor.OpenSubKey($"{i}", true); //修改cpu型号信息，这里不考虑灵活性，写死，可以加配置文件 cpuNode!.SetValue("ProcessorNameString", "Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10900 CPU @ 2.50GHz"); } } } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.LogError("Worker running at: {message}", ex.Message); } //测试为1分钟，正式为30分钟 await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1), stoppingToken); } } }}创建Windows服务相关命令:
#通过sc create创建Windows服务sc.exe create "UpdateCPUService" binpath="D:/codes/csharp/UpdateCPUService/bin/Release/net6.0/UpdateCPUService.exe"#通过sc delete 删除Windows服务sc.ese delete "UpdateCPUService"#启动服务net start updatecpuservice#停止服务net stop updatecpuservice
服务运行后:
Windows服务修改cpu型号信息
注意: 因为操作注册表程序要有权限. .Net程序要提高权限的话,可以添加 应用程序清单文件(app.maniftest)
在.Net程序中添加应用程序清单文件,将程序提升权限为管理员权限
<!--使用管理员权限--><requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />
新的实现方式是新瓶装老酒
先看看UseWindowsService源码:
public static IHostBuilder UseWindowsService(this IHostBuilder hostBuilder){ return UseWindowsService(hostBuilder, _ => { });}public static IHostBuilder UseWindowsService(this IHostBuilder hostBuilder, Action<WindowsServiceLifetimeOptions> configure){ if (WindowsServiceHelpers.IsWindowsService()) { // Host.CreateDefaultBuilder uses CurrentDirectory for VS scenarios, but CurrentDirectory for services is c:WindowsSystem32. hostBuilder.UseContentRoot(AppContext.BaseDirectory); hostBuilder.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) => { Debug.Assert(RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)); logging.AddEventLog(); }) .ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) => { Debug.Assert(RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)); services.AddSingleton<IHostLifetime, WindowsServiceLifetime>(); //将WindowsServiceLifetime添加到容器中 services.Configure<EventLogSettings>(settings => { Debug.Assert(RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(settings.SourceName)) { settings.SourceName = hostContext.HostingEnvironment.ApplicationName; } }); services.Configure(configure); }); } return hostBuilder;}中间件源码:
using System;using System.Runtime.Versioning;using System.ServiceProcess;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.WindowsServices{ //WindowsServiceLifetime实现ServiceBase //可以看到还是基于ServiceBase的封装 [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")] public class WindowsServiceLifetime : ServiceBase, IHostLifetime { private readonly TaskCompletionSource<object> _delayStart = new TaskCompletionSource<object>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously); private readonly ManualResetEventSlim _delayStop = new ManualResetEventSlim(); private readonly HostOptions _hostOptions; public WindowsServiceLifetime(IHostEnvironment environment, IHostApplicationLifetime applicationLifetime, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IOptions<HostOptions> optionsAccessor) : this(environment, applicationLifetime, loggerFactory, optionsAccessor, Options.Options.Create(new WindowsServiceLifetimeOptions())) { } public WindowsServiceLifetime(IHostEnvironment environment, IHostApplicationLifetime applicationLifetime, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IOptions<HostOptions> optionsAccessor, IOptions<WindowsServiceLifetimeOptions> windowsServiceOptionsAccessor) { Environment = environment ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(environment)); ApplicationLifetime = applicationLifetime ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(applicationLifetime)); Logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger("Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime"); if (optionsAccessor == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(optionsAccessor)); } if (windowsServiceOptionsAccessor == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(windowsServiceOptionsAccessor)); } _hostOptions = optionsAccessor.Value; ServiceName = windowsServiceOptionsAccessor.Value.ServiceName; CanShutdown = true; } private IHostApplicationLifetime ApplicationLifetime { get; } private IHostEnvironment Environment { get; } private ILogger Logger { get; } public Task WaitForStartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { cancellationToken.Register(() => _delayStart.TrySetCanceled()); ApplicationLifetime.ApplicationStarted.Register(() => { Logger.LogInformation("Application started. Hosting environment: {envName}; Content root path: {contentRoot}", Environment.EnvironmentName, Environment.ContentRootPath); }); ApplicationLifetime.ApplicationStopping.Register(() => { Logger.LogInformation("Application is shutting down..."); }); ApplicationLifetime.ApplicationStopped.Register(() => { _delayStop.Set(); }); Thread thread = new Thread(Run); //创建一个后台线程 thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Start(); // Otherwise this would block and prevent IHost.StartAsync from finishing. return _delayStart.Task; } private void Run() { try { Run(this); // This blocks until the service is stopped. _delayStart.TrySetException(new InvalidOperationException("Stopped without starting")); } catch (Exception ex) { _delayStart.TrySetException(ex); } } public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { // Avoid deadlock where host waits for StopAsync before firing ApplicationStopped, // and Stop waits for ApplicationStopped. Task.Run(Stop, CancellationToken.None); return Task.CompletedTask; } // Called by base.Run when the service is ready to start. protected override void OnStart(string[] args) { _delayStart.TrySetResult(null); base.OnStart(args); } // Called by base.Stop. This may be called multiple times by service Stop, ApplicationStopping, and StopAsync. // That's OK because StopApplication uses a CancellationTokenSource and prevents any recursion. protected override void OnStop() { ApplicationLifetime.StopApplication(); // Wait for the host to shutdown before marking service as stopped. _delayStop.Wait(_hostOptions.ShutdownTimeout); base.OnStop(); } protected override void OnShutdown() { ApplicationLifetime.StopApplication(); // Wait for the host to shutdown before marking service as stopped. _delayStop.Wait(_hostOptions.ShutdownTimeout); base.OnShutdown(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { _delayStop.Set(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } }}总结
- 老的方式,单一继承ServiceBase,通用性特好,支持.Net Framework/.Net Core及.Net 5/6/7,简单的Windows服务直接使用.
- 新的中间件方式,只能在.Net 5及更高的版本使用,在复杂的Windows服务要好一些.可以使用容器,进行依赖注入
